![]() COVID-19-battered societies experienced massive job loss and disruption in supply chains. The 21-day national lockdown implemented in March 2020 contributed to containing the virus, yet it precipitated economic downturns. Not only has COVID-19 brought serious health consequences, but has also it incurred substantial economic crises in many countries regardless of the level of economic development. However, the underlying burden is expected to be much higher than what is estimated, given the possible underdetection in India (Worldometers 2020 Zhang, Kim, and Subramanian 2020 Dutta 2020). ![]() On 31 January, India reported 10.7 million confirmed cases and 157,000 deaths (see Figure 1), placing India as the country with second highest cases and the third most deaths globally (Worldometers 2020). Indeed, India, Brazil and Mexico record one of the world’s highest death tolls, following the United States. While developed countries are still enduring struggles, low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) overtook the global COVID-19 burden with high population density, lower levels of preparedness and a shortage of medical resources, including intensive care facilities. Originated in China, COVID-19 affected southern Europe and the United States from its early stages. As of 31 January 2021, more than 100 million COVID-19 cases and 2.2 million deaths have been reported spanning 219 countries and territories. ![]()
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